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Writing Papers and Research in English

The PhraseBook for Writing Papers and Research gives you a bank of over 5000 words and phrases to help you write, present and publish at the university and research levels in English.

Phrases are divided into around 30 main sections, such as Introducing a Study, Arguing For and Against, Reviewing other Work, Summarizing, and Conclusions. Many sections are further divided, for example, the Relationship to Previous Work and the Limitations of Current Knowledge (see below for example phrases).

Writing Help sections give advice on university and research writing in English, helping you to avoid many common errors. The main chapters include Style, Spelling, Punctuation, Grammar, Vocabulary, Numbers, and Time. These include subsections on for example Referring to Yourself, British and US Spellings, and Punctuating Quotations.

The 4th edition also includes a University and Research Thesaurus to help you improve your academic vocabulary, as well as a Glossary of University and Research Terminology.

The PhraseBook is used in more than 30 countries in subjects ranging from Medicine, Engineering, Science, and Technology to Law, Business and Economics, Geography, History, Sociology, Psychology, Language, and Education.

Over 5000 words and phrases to help you write, 
present and publish in English Written by Ph.D. authors

 Specially designed for non-native speakers
 Suitable for university and research writing from student to researcher and faculty   level
- Includes most frequent words in academic English
- Exercises for individual and classroom use
- British and American English

Example phrases

Introducing your work

The study will begin by outlining...
This study addresses several issues...
The following section sets out...
to examine the research problem in detail
to shed light on several problem areas in the current theory
The paper presented here is based in part on an earlier study

Arguing for and against


This becomes clear when one examines...
This lends weight to the argument that...
Support for this interpretation comes from...
While it may well be valid that..., this study argues the importance of...
A serious drawback of this approach is...
One of the prime failings of this theory or explanation is...

Reviewing other work

X takes little or no account of...
There is little evidence to suggest that...
The study offers only a cursory examination of...
X gives a detailed if not always tenable analysis of...
The authors' claim that...is not well-founded.
X's explanation is not implausible, if not entirely satisfactory.

Analysis and explanation


If, for the sake of argument, we assume...
One of the most obvious consequences of...is...
Although it may well be true that..., it is important not to overlook...
It is important to distinguish carefully between...
The extent to which this reflects...is unclear.
A more plausible explanation for or of...would...
The reason for...is unknown, but...has been suggested by X as a possible factor.

Summary and conclusions


In concluding this section, we can say that...
Chapter X draws together the main findings of the paper.
Several key issues have been addressed in this study.
This study has highlighted several problem areas in existing theory.
While the initial findings are promising, further research is necessary.
The results of this study suggest several new avenues for research.

 

A great deal of English academic vocabulary derives from Latin and Greek; much has also been borrowed from or via French as well as from other languages such as German, Italian and Arabic in psychology, music, and mathematics for example. In addition, many of the abbreviations common in university and research writing - such as e.g.i.e. and etc.

and many everyday academic terms such as campusschool, and curriculum - also derive from Latin or Greek. As modern coinages such as tele + visioninter + net, and corona virus show, Greek and Latin elements are still used to create new terms today. Knowledge of some Greek and Latin helps to decipher the meaning of many academic words, not least for speakers from parts of the world with other classical languages.

The PhraseBook includes

·         A glossary of university and research terminology

·         Greek alphabet

·         Glossary of Greek, Latin, and other word elements

·         SI prefixes

·         SI and British-American units

Suitable for both individual use and classroom teaching

 

The PhraseBook is suitable for both individual use and classroom teaching. Below are several recommendations for teachers.

We recommend that students start with a sample of their own writing, which they use as they work through the PhraseBook. This has several advantages:

·         Rather than working on texts that are irrelevant or uninteresting, students work on their own writing, helping them to improve their real work.


·         Each section of the PhraseBook encourages students to think about different aspects of their writing, for example in Writing Help style, spelling, punctuation, and grammar.


·         Each section is followed by practice exercises.

·         The main part of the book provides a corpus of phrases, thematically grouped, for use in teaching. Students work through the PhraseBook, expanding their text with phrases from each section. This helps students to think about the different parts of a text and how to structure their argument.


·         The PhraseBook includes examples of many of the most frequent words in academic English. 

These are marked in italics: students should take special care to understand and use these in their writing. Writing exercises at the end of each section suggest practicing these most frequent forms by composing new phrases for their text.


·         Next, the PhraseBook thesaurus encourages students to improve their vocabulary, by suggesting alternative expressions, helping them to give their writing greater richness and variety.

·         The final glossary and reference sections list common terms in university and research writing, helping students to decipher academic vocabulary and familiarize themselves with university and research terminology.

After working through the PhraseBook, students will have produced a better written, more polished text.

 just before you take a tour inside this book, read a little about the auther 

Stephen Howe, BA, Ph.D.is an associate professor at the Department of English at Fukuoka University in Japan. He gained his doctorate in Languages and Linguistics at the University of London and is an experienced editor of English university and research writing. Kristina Henriksson, MSc, Ph.D., is the executive director of executive education and adjunct professor at Simon Fraser University, Canada. She was awarded her doctorate at Lund University in Sweden and was a visiting scholar at Stanford University.



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